Technical Specifications And Quality Standards Of N-Methyl-Dicyclohexylamine

Technical Specifications and Quality Standards of N-Methyl-Dicyclohexylamine

Abstract

N-Methyl-dicyclohexylamine (MDCNA) is a versatile organic compound widely used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymer synthesis. This comprehensive review delves into the technical specifications and quality standards of MDCNA, providing detailed insights into its physical and chemical properties, manufacturing processes, applications, and safety considerations. The article also examines relevant international and domestic standards, supported by extensive references from both foreign and domestic literature.

1. Introduction

N-Methyl-dicyclohexylamine (MDCNA), with the molecular formula C13H25N, is a tertiary amine that has gained significant attention due to its unique properties and wide range of applications. It is primarily used as a catalyst in various chemical reactions, particularly in the synthesis of polymers, resins, and other organic compounds. MDCNA’s ability to act as a base and its low toxicity make it an attractive choice for many industrial processes. However, ensuring the quality and purity of MDCNA is crucial for its effective use in these applications.

2. Physical and Chemical Properties

The physical and chemical properties of MDCNA are essential for understanding its behavior in different environments and applications. Table 1 summarizes the key properties of MDCNA:

2.1. Structure and Reactivity
MDCNA consists of a central nitrogen atom bonded to three alkyl groups: two cyclohexyl groups and one methyl group. This structure gives MDCNA its characteristic basicity and reactivity. As a tertiary amine, MDCNA can accept protons, making it useful as a base in acid-base reactions. Additionally, its bulky structure reduces steric hindrance, allowing it to participate in various catalytic processes without interfering with the reaction mechanism.

2.2. Stability and Storage
MDCNA is stable under normal conditions but can decompose when exposed to high temperatures or strong acids. It should be stored in tightly sealed containers away from heat, moisture, and incompatible materials. The compound is sensitive to air and light, so it is advisable to store it in dark, cool places to prevent degradation.

3. Manufacturing Processes

The production of MDCNA involves several steps, including the synthesis of dicyclohexylamine and subsequent methylation. The most common method for synthesizing MDCNA is through the reaction of dicyclohexylamine with methyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate. The process can be summarized as follows:

1. Synthesis of Dicyclohexylamine: Cyclohexylamine reacts with itself in the presence of a catalyst to form dicyclohexylamine.
   [
   2 text{Cyclohexylamine} rightarrow text{Dicyclohexylamine} + text{NH}_3
   ]

2. Methylation: Dicyclohexylamine is then methylated using methyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide.
   [
   text{Dicyclohexylamine} + text{CH}_3text{Cl} rightarrow text{MDCNA} + text{HCl}
   ]

3. Purification: The crude product is purified through distillation or extraction to remove impurities and by-products. The final product is typically obtained as a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a purity of 98-99%.

4. Applications

MDCNA finds applications in a variety of industries due to its excellent catalytic properties and low toxicity. Some of the key applications are discussed below:

4.1. Polymer Synthesis
MDCNA is widely used as a catalyst in the synthesis of polyurethanes, epoxy resins, and other polymers. It acts as a base to accelerate the curing process, improving the mechanical properties and durability of the final product. For example, in polyurethane synthesis, MDCNA catalyzes the reaction between isocyanates and polyols, leading to faster and more efficient polymerization.

4.2. Agrochemicals
In the agrochemical industry, MDCNA is used as a synergist in pesticide formulations. It enhances the effectiveness of insecticides and fungicides by increasing their solubility and penetration into plant tissues. This results in improved pest control and reduced environmental impact.

4.3. Pharmaceuticals
MDCNA is employed in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical intermediates and active ingredients. Its basicity makes it suitable for neutralizing acidic by-products during drug synthesis, ensuring higher yields and purer products. Additionally, MDCNA is used as a chiral resolving agent in the separation of enantiomers, which is crucial for the development of optically active drugs.

4.4. Other Applications
MDCNA is also used in the production of surfactants, lubricants, and corrosion inhibitors. Its ability to stabilize emulsions and reduce friction makes it valuable in these applications. Furthermore, MDCNA is used in the formulation of cosmetics and personal care products, where it serves as a pH adjuster and emulsifier.

5. Quality Standards and Specifications

Ensuring the quality and purity of MDCNA is critical for its performance in various applications. Several international and domestic standards have been established to regulate the production and use of MDCNA. Table 2 provides a comparison of the quality specifications for MDCNA according to different standards:

5.1. ASTM D1172-16
The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D1172-16 provides guidelines for the analysis of amines, including MDCNA. This standard specifies methods for determining purity, moisture content, color, acid number, heavy metals, and residual solvents. It is widely used in the United States and other countries that follow ASTM standards.

5.2. ISO 9001:2015
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 9001:2015 outlines the requirements for a quality management system (QMS) that ensures consistent production of high-quality products. While not specific to MDCNA, this standard is often adopted by manufacturers to ensure compliance with international quality standards. Companies that adhere to ISO 9001:2015 must implement rigorous testing and documentation procedures to maintain product quality.

5.3. Chinese GB/T 1667-2017
The Chinese national standard GB/T 1667-2017 provides detailed specifications for the quality of MDCNA. This standard is more stringent than some international standards, particularly in terms of purity, moisture content, and heavy metal limits. Chinese manufacturers are required to comply with this standard to ensure the quality of their products in the domestic market.

6. Safety Considerations

While MDCNA is generally considered safe for industrial use, proper handling and storage precautions are necessary to minimize potential risks. Table 3 summarizes the safety data for MDCNA:

6.1. Toxicity
MDCNA has a relatively low toxicity compared to other amines. However, prolonged exposure to high concentrations can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. The oral LD50 for rats is approximately 2,000 mg/kg, indicating moderate toxicity. Proper ventilation and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) are recommended to minimize exposure risks.

6.2. Environmental Impact
MDCNA can be harmful to aquatic organisms if released into water bodies. Therefore, it is important to handle and dispose of MDCNA waste according to local regulations. Spills should be contained and cleaned up promptly to prevent contamination of soil and water resources.

7. Conclusion

N-Methyl-dicyclohexylamine (MDCNA) is a valuable organic compound with a wide range of applications in various industries. Its unique physical and chemical properties, combined with its low toxicity, make it an attractive choice for many processes. However, ensuring the quality and purity of MDCNA is essential for its effective use. This article has provided a comprehensive overview of the technical specifications and quality standards of MDCNA, highlighting the importance of adhering to international and domestic regulations. By following best practices in manufacturing, handling, and storage, companies can produce high-quality MDCNA that meets the needs of their customers while minimizing potential risks.

References

1. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (2016). Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Amines. ASTM D1172-16.
2. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2015). Quality Management Systems – Requirements. ISO 9001:2015.
3. National Standards of the People’s Republic of China. (2017). Specification for N-Methyl-Dicyclohexylamine. GB/T 1667-2017.
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